Narrative literature
Ulster Cycle
Saint Columba His Life and Legacy is a comprehensive examination of the saint’s life in so far as we can know it, and a survey of the cult and traditions that developed subsequently; it also gives an outline of the enormous cultural legacy associated with the saint’s name. It covers material from Ireland, Scotland, the north of England, and the continent (including Scandinavia) and combines some archaeology, art history and folklore with the richer documentary material.
Dr Brian Lacey deals with an actual historical person, distinguishing him from the wonderfully complex but fictional character of the stories that have developed over the last fourteen centuries. He traces the evolution and effects of the monastic institution stemming from the saint’s main foundation on Iona – probably founded around 562 – as these spread throughout Ireland, Scotland and the north of England, with cultural and other influences reaching further to the continent. The extraordinary literary and artistic achievements of the Columban communities, of which the summa is the Book of Kells, are put in context, and the way in which Colum Cille’s memory has been invoked in the centuries since the middle ages is examined.The Hamlet-name may have been associated with players several centuries earlier than has hitherto been thought. It is well-known that Hamlet is related to Amlethus, found in Gesta Danorum, by Saxo Grammaticus. However, the etymologies of both Amlethus and the linked Icelandic name, Amlođi, have remained unclear. One possibility, explored in this article, is that these derive from the player-name, Admlithi, found in the Irish tale, Togail Bruidne Da Derga. Admlithi could have been transmitted to Saxo either as a player-name, or as a nautical noa-term (perhaps denoting a dangerous sea whirlpool, such as Coire Brecáin), or both; and it may have carried some small hint of its meaning with it on its journey into Gesta Danorum and beyond.
The Old Irish “Cattle-Raid of Cooley” (Táin Bó Cuailnge or The Táin in short) is the centre piece of a cycle of heroic prose tales about an ethnic strife between the Ulaid, i.e. the kingship of Ulster in the North of the island, and the other kingships of Ireland under the leadership of the Connachta, i.e. the kingship of Connacht in the West of the country. The symbolic bone of contention is the Brown Bull of Cooley. This bull belongs to the Ulaid, but the queen of the Connachta desires it for herself. The outcome of the raiding expedition to capture the bull leads to a stalemate situation, which lasts for seven years before the dispute between the Ulaid and the other kingships flairs up again.
Although the tale is set in the pre-Christian Ireland, the first two written records date only from the 12c. So far, the research on the Táin has focused on reconstructing both the oral and written prehistory of this tale. Scholars have been particularly concerned with, or have speculated about the putative origin of the tale (“the backward look”).
The present study undertakes a “forward look” into the 800 years of the manuscript transmission of the tale till the years of 1870 and 1880 when the Royal Irish Academy published facsimile editions of the two 12c manuscripts (LU and LL). The editions contain the earliest textual evidence of the written Táin and represent photolithographic reproductions made from Seosamh cs manual transcripts. He and his son were the last of a long series of Irish scholar scribes who penned, preserved, and transmitted the ancient lore of the Irish from the High Middle Ages to the end of the 19c.