Lloyd-Morgan, Ceridwen, “Writing without borders: multilingual content in Welsh miscellanies from Wales, the Marches, and beyond”, in: Margaret Connolly, and Raluca Luria Radulescu (eds), Insular books: vernacular manuscript miscellanies in late medieval Britain, 201, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. 175–192.
- article in collection
The single-text manuscript is not the norm in later mediaeval Wales and most surviving Welsh manuscripts of that period contain two or more distinct texts. The multi-text codex was the norm and a unifying principle – theme, form, or the interests of the compiler or patron – can usually be discerned. Miscellanies may be linguistically mixed or include translated material. The hegemony of plurality of content of the typical Welsh codex can be linked to the distinctive nature and history of Welsh literary tradition, including the late emergence within the prose tradition of the single, named author. A further factor may be the discernible impulse to collect and conserve textual goods in a period which saw a weakening of the traditional separation of poetry and prose, together with an increasing reliance on the written word rather than memory and performance for textual transmission.
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