Endlicher’s glossary
- Latin, Gaulish
- prose
A short glossary of forms of ‘Gaulish’, mainly toponymic words and phrases, with Latin gloss. It is named for Stephan Endlicher, who discovered the longer version of the text and included an edition in his catalogue of manuscripts in the Imperial Library of Vienna (1836). It is generally thought to have been originally compiled in the 5th or 6th century, on the basis of multiple Latin sources. Because it was created long after the heyday of Gaulish as a living language, it has provoked much discussion about its value and reliability as a source for the study of Gaulish. Alderik Blom has argued that to the compiler(s), the language used was not Gaulish in the modern linguistic sense, distinct from Gallo-Romance, but rather a historical-toponymic version of the native vernacular (lingua gallica).
It is alternatively known as the Vienna glossary.
- Lugduno: desiderato monte
A. Blom lists the following witnesses below. Many of them are found at the end of, or in association with, a copy of the Notitia Galliarum.
De uerbis Gallicis, the shorter version, group A
Witnesses dating between the 8th and 10th centuries.
De uerbis Gallicis, short version, group B
Witnesses dating from the later medieval period, between the 14th and 15th centuries.
- Latin Gaulish
Late antique register of the 17 Roman provinces of Gaul and their metropolitan cities and civitates, along with a number of castra and a single harbour (portus). The original text is thought to have been compiled in the late 4th or early 5th century. The text was widely copied during the early middle ages.
Samples
Sources
Primary sources Text editions and/or modern translations – in whole or in part – along with publications containing additions and corrections, if known. Diplomatic editions, facsimiles and digital image reproductions of the manuscripts are not always listed here but may be found in entries for the relevant manuscripts. For historical purposes, early editions, transcriptions and translations are not excluded, even if their reliability does not meet modern standards.
[EN] New edition and general study of the Gaulish-Latin Glossary discovered at the beginning of the XIXth century by the librarian in Vienna, Endlicher. The author analyses the texts accompanying the two versions of the glossary in the manuscripts, mostly lists of geographical names. After an edition of the two versions of the glossary, the author delivers philological notes intended to determine the site of birth, and the most probable sources of the glossary. Concerning Lugudunum . i. desideratum montem, the authors modifies W. Meid ‘ s theory explaining this meaning by a Germanic pronunciation, leading to a confusion with Germanic words such as Engl. love. Actually the evolution of Lugu-into Luwu-is typical of late Romance as well as Germanic languages, and the confusion with these (if it took place) could have been made with the Germanic languages on both sides of the Northern Sea, Engl. love or Frisian luvu. A Germanic influence could also explain the meaning “ montem” given to dunum, and the use of the word bigardio, which should be compared to the Flemish Place-Name Bijgaarden, rather than to Gothic. The compiler was practicing a Western Germanic dialect, which is not very far from Saint-Amand, the place where the only manuscript of the longer version comes from. Concerning sources, the author has detected without any doubt the use of Historia Francorum by Gregory of Tours : brio et treide are taken from a toponym Briotreide quoted by this author (HF X, 31). The same text may have provided the glosses concerning lautro (cf. Louolautro), auallo and onno.
Editio princeps, based on the Vienna MS.
Secondary sources (select)
External links
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De nominibus Gallicis: long version of the glossary
The version printed by Endlicher.