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From CODECS: Online Database and e-Resources for Celtic Studies
CyngarCyngar
(supp. fl. early 8th century)
Cyngar of Congresbury, Cungar of Congresbury
Patron saint of Congresbury (Cungres-byrig) in Somerset, to which it supposedly gave its name. His origins are obscure. It has been suggested that he was originally a Welsh/British saint, and/or that he was invented to explain the placename and equip Congresbury with an origin story, based perhaps on a version of the Welsh saint. His vita shows certain affinities with 12th-century Welsh Latin hagiography associated with Caradog and the monastery of Llancarfan.
See more Cyngar of LlangefniCyngar of Llangefni
(supp. fl. 6th century?)
Patron saint of Llangefni, Anglesey, and Hope (olim Llangyngar), Flintshire; apparently the saint of this name who is described as kinsman of St Cybi in the latter’s Life. He may be related to St Cungar of Congresbury, whose Life attributes to him two unspecified foundations in Glamorgan.
See more Dafydd ap LlywelynDafydd ap Llywelyn
(c.1215–1246)
prince of Gwynedd, son of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John.
See more Dafydd GamDafydd Gam
(d. 1415)
Dafydd Gam ap Llewelyn ap Hywel, nobleman who died fighting on the side of King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt; opponent of Owain Glyndŵr.
See more Richard DaviesDavies (Richard)
(d. 1581)
Welsh bishop, first of St Asaph, later of St Davids; a scholar whose achievements included translating parts of the New Testament into Welsh and writing the Epistol at y Cembru.
See more Hugh de Lacy [earl of Ulster]De Lacy (Hugh) ... earl of Ulster
(d. 1242)
Anglo-Norman magnate who made a career in Ireland as a soldier and lord and became the first earl of Ulster in 1205. He was the son of Hugh de Lacy (d. 1186), lord of Meath, and his first wife, Rose of Monmouth (Rose de Baderon).
See more Hugh de Lacy [lord of Meath]De Lacy (Hugh) ... lord of Meath
(d. 1186)
Magnate, son of Gilbert de Lacy (d. 1163), lord of Weobley, Herefordshire. After he accompanied Henry II on his 1171 visit to Ireland, he was entrusted with the kingdom of Mide.
See more John DeeDee (John)
(13 July 1527–1608/1609)
No short description available
See more Deicolus of LureDeicolus of Lure
(d. c.625)
Irish peregrinus, alleged to be a half-brother of Gall, disciple of Columbanus and founder of a hermitage at Lure/Lutre in Burgundy, which would become the abbey of Lure.
See more Henry DocwraDocwra (Henry)
(d. 1631)
Dowcra (Henry)
First Baron Docwra of Culmore, army officer.
See more Domnall úa NéillDomnall úa Néill
(d. 980)
Domnall Ard Macha, Domnall of Armagh
High-king of Ireland (965–980) from Cenél nÉogain, son of Muirchertach mac Néill and Gormflaith.
See more Donnchad mac BríainDonnchad mac Bríain
(d. 1064)
son of Brían Bóruma
See more Dúngal of Saint-Denis and PaviaDúngal of Saint-Denis and Pavia
(d. after 827/828)
Irish scholar, teacher and poet known for his career on the continent, who was associated with Saint-Denis, Pavia and Bobbio.
See more Ecgfrith of NorthumbriaEcgfrith of Northumbria
(645/6–685)
King of Northumbria (r. 670–685), elder son of Oswiu and Eanflæd.
See more Edmund of AbingdonEdmund of Abingdon
(c.1174–1240)
English theologian and teacher who became archbishop of Canterbury (1234–1240) and was later canonised as a saint.
See more William ElphinstoneElphinstone (William)
(1431–1514)
Scottish churchman, bishop of Aberdeen (1483-1514), founder of the University of Aberdeen (est. 1451).
See more Erhard of RegensburgErhard of Regensburg
(fl. 7th/?8th century)
Erard of Regensburg
Bishop of Regensburg, of whom little is known historically. His relics were translated in 1052 and a life was written for him not long thereafter which claimed that he was a missionary from Ireland.
See more J. Gwenogvryn EvansEvans (J. Gwenogvryn)
(d. 1930)
Welsh palaeographer.
See more Richard FentonFenton (Richard)
(1747–1821)
Welsh poet and author of topographical works
See more Gerald FitzGerald [3rd earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (Gerald) ... 3rd earl of Desmond
(1338–1398)
Gerald fitz Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd earl of Desmond, justiciar of Ireland and poet, known as Gearóid Iarla; son of Maurice fitz Thomas FitzGerald.
See more Gerald FitzGerald [15th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (Gerald) ... 15th earl of Desmond
(c.1530–1583)
Gerald fitz James FitzGerald, 15th (or 14th) earl of Desmond, son of the previous earl James fitz John FitzGerald.
See more James fitz Gerald FitzGerald [16th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (James fitz Gerald) ... 16th earl of Desmond
(c.1570?–1601)
Tower Earl, Queen's Earl
16th (or 15th earl) of Desmond, only son and successor of the previous earl Gerald and Eleanor Butler.
See more James fitz Thomas FitzGerald [16th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (James fitz Thomas) ... 16th earl of Desmond
(d. 1607)
James fitz Thomas FitzGerald, called the súgán (straw-rope) earl of Desmond and styled the 16th (or 15th) earl, was son of Sir Thomas fitz James FitzGerald, who despite being bastardised aspired to the title of earl of Desmond in opposition to his half-brother Gerald and fought for the English Crown. After Gerald’s death, the Crown dissolved the earldom in favour of a Munster plantation, but faced an uprising led in part by Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone. Where James had previously turned to the Crown in the hope of becoming earl of Desmond, he accepted that title from the rebels. In the ensuing years, however, he experienced great difficulty in making his authority felt. In 1601, he was captured and sent to the Tower of London, where he died in c.1607.
See more James FitzGerald [14th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (James) ... 14th earl of Desmond
(fl. 1530s–1558)
James fitz John FitzGerald, 14th (or 13th) earl of Desmond, son of John fitz Thomas Fitzgerald, de facto 13th (or 12th) earl of Desmond, and More, daughter of Donogh O'Brien of Carrigogunnell.
See more Maurice FitzGerald [1st earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (Maurice) ... 1st earl of Desmond
(1293–1356)
first earl of Desmond and justificiar of Ireland, son of Thomas fitz Maurice FitzGerald, who was lord of Decies and Desmond and justiciar of Ireland, and of Margaret daughter of Thomas of Berkeley.
See more Robin FlowerFlower (Robin)
(d. 1946)
Irish scholar.
See more GallGall
(fl. 615)
Gallus, Saint Gall, Saint Gallus
Reputed founder of St. Gall in modern-day Switzerland and one of Columbanus’ companions. His 9th-century Lives written at Reichenau claim that he was of Irish origin.
See more Garald of MayoGarald of Mayo
(d. 732)
Northumbrian associate of Colmán of Lindisfarne, abbot of Mag Eo (Mayo).
See more Elis GruffyddGruffydd (Elis)
(c.1490–1552)
Welsh administrator and soldier as well as a chronicler and translator, who is probably known for having compiled an extensive Welsh-language chronicle of world history.
See more Jaspar GryffythGryffyth (Jaspar)
(d. 1614)
Gryffyth (Jasper), Griffith (Jaspar)
Welsh clergyman and collector of manuscripts.
See more Guto'r GlynGuto’r Glyn
(fl. c.1431–c.1490)
Welsh poet who produced a substantial body of praise poetry. His patrons included men such as Sir Richard Gethin of Builth, William Herbert of Raglan, Sir Roger Kynaston of Knockin and Henry Griffith of Newcourt.
See more Gutun OwainGutun Owain
(fl. second half of the 15th century)
Gruffudd ap Huw ab Owain
Gutun Owain (Gruffudd ap Huw ab Owain), Welsh poet and scribe
See more Pádraigín HaicéadHaicéad (Pádraigín)
(c.1604–1654)
Hackett (Patrick)
Irish Dominican priest, prior of Cashel, and poet.
See more Augusta HallHall (Augusta)
(1802–1896)
Augusta Hall (née Waddington) was a patron of Welsh language and culture.
See more Edward HarleyHarley (Edward)
(1689–1741)
Second earl of Oxford and Mortimer in succession to his father Robert Harley.
See more Robert HarleyHarley (Robert)
(1661–1724)
First earl of Oxford and Mortimer.
See more Herbert [bishop of Glasgow]Herbert ... bishop of Glasgow
(d. 1164)
Herbert of Selkirk
Tironensian monk who became third abbot of Selkirk (which moved to Kelso during his abbacy) and bishop of Glasgow (1147-1164).
See more Antony HickeyHickey (Antony)
(d. 1641)
Hickey (Anthony), Hickey (Diarmuid)
Irish Franciscan friar and theologian.
See more Hopcyn ap Tomas ab EinionHopcyn ap Tomas ab Einion
(fl. 1337–1408)
Hopkyn ap Thomas
Welsh nobleman and patron.
See more Iolo MorganwgIolo Morganwg ... Edward Williams
(1747–1826)
Williams (Edward) ... Iolo Morganwg
Edward Williams, better known by the bardic name he chose for himself, Iolo Morganwg, was a Welsh poet and antiquarian as well as a literary forger.
See more John of CornwallJohn of Cornwall
(d. in/after 1198)
Theologian and author.
See more John of FordunJohn of Fordun
(d. in or after 1363)
John Fordun, Fordun (John)
Scottish historian and author of what is known as the Chronica gentis Scotorum, which was incorporated into Walter Bower’s Polychronicon. The Gesta annalia were also formerly attributed to him, but are now known as two works, Gesta annalia I and its continuation, Gesta annalia II, that are not connected to Fordun. Little is known of his life.
See more John of TynemouthJohn of Tynemouth
(fl. 14th century)
Johannes Tinmouthensis
English historian and hagiographer, known for having produced a chronicle, the Historia aurea, and a collection of saints’ lives, the Sanctilogium Anglia, Wallia, Scotiae et Hiberniae, which would form the basis of the Nova legenda Angliae.
See more Robert Jones [1810-1879]Jones (Robert) ... 1810-1879
(1810–1879)
Welsh Anglican priest, vicar of All Saints’ Church, Rotherhithe, London, as well as scholar of Welsh language and literature.
See more William Jordan [of Helston]Jordan (William) ... of Helston
(fl. 1611)
Cornishman responsible for an incomplete transcript of the Cornish biblical play known as The creacion of the world or Gwreans an bys.
See more P. W. JoyceJoyce (P. W.)
(1827–1914)
Irish historian, toponymist, writer and collector of music and oral traditions.
See more John KeigwinKeigwin (John)
(c.1641/2–1716)
Cornish antiquary known for his translations of the Cornish-language works Pascon agan Arluth, Gwreans an bys and the Cornish Ordinalia. He was a nephew of William Scawen, for whom he translated Pascon agan Arluth.
See more KentigernKentigern
(d. 612x614)
Mungo
Patron saint of the diocese of Glasgow, also known by his pet-name Mungo who is described as a Briton, son of St Teneu (Thaney) of Lothian and British chieftain Owain. He may have been based on the female saint Caintigern.
See more Robert KirkKirk (Robert)
(1644–1692)
Episcopalian minister of Aberfoyle, Gaelic scholar and folklorist. He supervised the first combined edition of the Irish translations of the OT and NT, An Bíobla Naomhtha, in London in 1690. Kirk had the text transliterated from Irish into Roman script so that it might serve readers in the Scottish Highlands, although it remained an Irish text.
See more James Kirkwood [Church of Scotland minister]Kirkwood (James) ... Church of Scotland minister
(c.1650–c.1709)
Church of Scotland minister who advocated the use of Scottish Gaelic and played an important role in Robert Kirk’s translation of the Bible into Scottish Gaelic.
See more
(supp. fl. early 8th century)
Cyngar of Congresbury, Cungar of Congresbury
Patron saint of Congresbury (Cungres-byrig) in Somerset, to which it supposedly gave its name. His origins are obscure. It has been suggested that he was originally a Welsh/British saint, and/or that he was invented to explain the placename and equip Congresbury with an origin story, based perhaps on a version of the Welsh saint. His vita shows certain affinities with 12th-century Welsh Latin hagiography associated with Caradog and the monastery of Llancarfan.
See more Cyngar of LlangefniCyngar of Llangefni
(supp. fl. 6th century?)
Patron saint of Llangefni, Anglesey, and Hope (olim Llangyngar), Flintshire; apparently the saint of this name who is described as kinsman of St Cybi in the latter’s Life. He may be related to St Cungar of Congresbury, whose Life attributes to him two unspecified foundations in Glamorgan.
See more Dafydd ap LlywelynDafydd ap Llywelyn
(c.1215–1246)
prince of Gwynedd, son of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth and Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John.
See more Dafydd GamDafydd Gam
(d. 1415)
Dafydd Gam ap Llewelyn ap Hywel, nobleman who died fighting on the side of King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt; opponent of Owain Glyndŵr.
See more Richard DaviesDavies (Richard)
(d. 1581)
Welsh bishop, first of St Asaph, later of St Davids; a scholar whose achievements included translating parts of the New Testament into Welsh and writing the Epistol at y Cembru.
See more Hugh de Lacy [earl of Ulster]De Lacy (Hugh) ... earl of Ulster
(d. 1242)
Anglo-Norman magnate who made a career in Ireland as a soldier and lord and became the first earl of Ulster in 1205. He was the son of Hugh de Lacy (d. 1186), lord of Meath, and his first wife, Rose of Monmouth (Rose de Baderon).
See more Hugh de Lacy [lord of Meath]De Lacy (Hugh) ... lord of Meath
(d. 1186)
Magnate, son of Gilbert de Lacy (d. 1163), lord of Weobley, Herefordshire. After he accompanied Henry II on his 1171 visit to Ireland, he was entrusted with the kingdom of Mide.
See more John DeeDee (John)
(13 July 1527–1608/1609)
No short description available
See more Deicolus of LureDeicolus of Lure
(d. c.625)
Irish peregrinus, alleged to be a half-brother of Gall, disciple of Columbanus and founder of a hermitage at Lure/Lutre in Burgundy, which would become the abbey of Lure.
See more Henry DocwraDocwra (Henry)
(d. 1631)
Dowcra (Henry)
First Baron Docwra of Culmore, army officer.
See more Domnall úa NéillDomnall úa Néill
(d. 980)
Domnall Ard Macha, Domnall of Armagh
High-king of Ireland (965–980) from Cenél nÉogain, son of Muirchertach mac Néill and Gormflaith.
See more Donnchad mac BríainDonnchad mac Bríain
(d. 1064)
son of Brían Bóruma
See more Dúngal of Saint-Denis and PaviaDúngal of Saint-Denis and Pavia
(d. after 827/828)
Irish scholar, teacher and poet known for his career on the continent, who was associated with Saint-Denis, Pavia and Bobbio.
See more Ecgfrith of NorthumbriaEcgfrith of Northumbria
(645/6–685)
King of Northumbria (r. 670–685), elder son of Oswiu and Eanflæd.
See more Edmund of AbingdonEdmund of Abingdon
(c.1174–1240)
English theologian and teacher who became archbishop of Canterbury (1234–1240) and was later canonised as a saint.
See more William ElphinstoneElphinstone (William)
(1431–1514)
Scottish churchman, bishop of Aberdeen (1483-1514), founder of the University of Aberdeen (est. 1451).
See more Erhard of RegensburgErhard of Regensburg
(fl. 7th/?8th century)
Erard of Regensburg
Bishop of Regensburg, of whom little is known historically. His relics were translated in 1052 and a life was written for him not long thereafter which claimed that he was a missionary from Ireland.
See more J. Gwenogvryn EvansEvans (J. Gwenogvryn)
(d. 1930)
Welsh palaeographer.
See more Richard FentonFenton (Richard)
(1747–1821)
Welsh poet and author of topographical works
See more Gerald FitzGerald [3rd earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (Gerald) ... 3rd earl of Desmond
(1338–1398)
Gerald fitz Maurice FitzGerald, 3rd earl of Desmond, justiciar of Ireland and poet, known as Gearóid Iarla; son of Maurice fitz Thomas FitzGerald.
See more Gerald FitzGerald [15th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (Gerald) ... 15th earl of Desmond
(c.1530–1583)
Gerald fitz James FitzGerald, 15th (or 14th) earl of Desmond, son of the previous earl James fitz John FitzGerald.
See more James fitz Gerald FitzGerald [16th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (James fitz Gerald) ... 16th earl of Desmond
(c.1570?–1601)
Tower Earl, Queen's Earl
16th (or 15th earl) of Desmond, only son and successor of the previous earl Gerald and Eleanor Butler.
See more James fitz Thomas FitzGerald [16th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (James fitz Thomas) ... 16th earl of Desmond
(d. 1607)
James fitz Thomas FitzGerald, called the súgán (straw-rope) earl of Desmond and styled the 16th (or 15th) earl, was son of Sir Thomas fitz James FitzGerald, who despite being bastardised aspired to the title of earl of Desmond in opposition to his half-brother Gerald and fought for the English Crown. After Gerald’s death, the Crown dissolved the earldom in favour of a Munster plantation, but faced an uprising led in part by Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone. Where James had previously turned to the Crown in the hope of becoming earl of Desmond, he accepted that title from the rebels. In the ensuing years, however, he experienced great difficulty in making his authority felt. In 1601, he was captured and sent to the Tower of London, where he died in c.1607.
See more James FitzGerald [14th earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (James) ... 14th earl of Desmond
(fl. 1530s–1558)
James fitz John FitzGerald, 14th (or 13th) earl of Desmond, son of John fitz Thomas Fitzgerald, de facto 13th (or 12th) earl of Desmond, and More, daughter of Donogh O'Brien of Carrigogunnell.
See more Maurice FitzGerald [1st earl of Desmond]FitzGerald (Maurice) ... 1st earl of Desmond
(1293–1356)
first earl of Desmond and justificiar of Ireland, son of Thomas fitz Maurice FitzGerald, who was lord of Decies and Desmond and justiciar of Ireland, and of Margaret daughter of Thomas of Berkeley.
See more Robin FlowerFlower (Robin)
(d. 1946)
Irish scholar.
See more GallGall
(fl. 615)
Gallus, Saint Gall, Saint Gallus
Reputed founder of St. Gall in modern-day Switzerland and one of Columbanus’ companions. His 9th-century Lives written at Reichenau claim that he was of Irish origin.
See more Garald of MayoGarald of Mayo
(d. 732)
Northumbrian associate of Colmán of Lindisfarne, abbot of Mag Eo (Mayo).
See more Elis GruffyddGruffydd (Elis)
(c.1490–1552)
Welsh administrator and soldier as well as a chronicler and translator, who is probably known for having compiled an extensive Welsh-language chronicle of world history.
See more Jaspar GryffythGryffyth (Jaspar)
(d. 1614)
Gryffyth (Jasper), Griffith (Jaspar)
Welsh clergyman and collector of manuscripts.
See more Guto'r GlynGuto’r Glyn
(fl. c.1431–c.1490)
Welsh poet who produced a substantial body of praise poetry. His patrons included men such as Sir Richard Gethin of Builth, William Herbert of Raglan, Sir Roger Kynaston of Knockin and Henry Griffith of Newcourt.
See more Gutun OwainGutun Owain
(fl. second half of the 15th century)
Gruffudd ap Huw ab Owain
Gutun Owain (Gruffudd ap Huw ab Owain), Welsh poet and scribe
See more Pádraigín HaicéadHaicéad (Pádraigín)
(c.1604–1654)
Hackett (Patrick)
Irish Dominican priest, prior of Cashel, and poet.
See more Augusta HallHall (Augusta)
(1802–1896)
Augusta Hall (née Waddington) was a patron of Welsh language and culture.
See more Edward HarleyHarley (Edward)
(1689–1741)
Second earl of Oxford and Mortimer in succession to his father Robert Harley.
See more Robert HarleyHarley (Robert)
(1661–1724)
First earl of Oxford and Mortimer.
See more Herbert [bishop of Glasgow]Herbert ... bishop of Glasgow
(d. 1164)
Herbert of Selkirk
Tironensian monk who became third abbot of Selkirk (which moved to Kelso during his abbacy) and bishop of Glasgow (1147-1164).
See more Antony HickeyHickey (Antony)
(d. 1641)
Hickey (Anthony), Hickey (Diarmuid)
Irish Franciscan friar and theologian.
See more Hopcyn ap Tomas ab EinionHopcyn ap Tomas ab Einion
(fl. 1337–1408)
Hopkyn ap Thomas
Welsh nobleman and patron.
See more Iolo MorganwgIolo Morganwg ... Edward Williams
(1747–1826)
Williams (Edward) ... Iolo Morganwg
Edward Williams, better known by the bardic name he chose for himself, Iolo Morganwg, was a Welsh poet and antiquarian as well as a literary forger.
See more John of CornwallJohn of Cornwall
(d. in/after 1198)
Theologian and author.
See more John of FordunJohn of Fordun
(d. in or after 1363)
John Fordun, Fordun (John)
Scottish historian and author of what is known as the Chronica gentis Scotorum, which was incorporated into Walter Bower’s Polychronicon. The Gesta annalia were also formerly attributed to him, but are now known as two works, Gesta annalia I and its continuation, Gesta annalia II, that are not connected to Fordun. Little is known of his life.
See more John of TynemouthJohn of Tynemouth
(fl. 14th century)
Johannes Tinmouthensis
English historian and hagiographer, known for having produced a chronicle, the Historia aurea, and a collection of saints’ lives, the Sanctilogium Anglia, Wallia, Scotiae et Hiberniae, which would form the basis of the Nova legenda Angliae.
See more Robert Jones [1810-1879]Jones (Robert) ... 1810-1879
(1810–1879)
Welsh Anglican priest, vicar of All Saints’ Church, Rotherhithe, London, as well as scholar of Welsh language and literature.
See more William Jordan [of Helston]Jordan (William) ... of Helston
(fl. 1611)
Cornishman responsible for an incomplete transcript of the Cornish biblical play known as The creacion of the world or Gwreans an bys.
See more P. W. JoyceJoyce (P. W.)
(1827–1914)
Irish historian, toponymist, writer and collector of music and oral traditions.
See more John KeigwinKeigwin (John)
(c.1641/2–1716)
Cornish antiquary known for his translations of the Cornish-language works Pascon agan Arluth, Gwreans an bys and the Cornish Ordinalia. He was a nephew of William Scawen, for whom he translated Pascon agan Arluth.
See more KentigernKentigern
(d. 612x614)
Mungo
Patron saint of the diocese of Glasgow, also known by his pet-name Mungo who is described as a Briton, son of St Teneu (Thaney) of Lothian and British chieftain Owain. He may have been based on the female saint Caintigern.
See more Robert KirkKirk (Robert)
(1644–1692)
Episcopalian minister of Aberfoyle, Gaelic scholar and folklorist. He supervised the first combined edition of the Irish translations of the OT and NT, An Bíobla Naomhtha, in London in 1690. Kirk had the text transliterated from Irish into Roman script so that it might serve readers in the Scottish Highlands, although it remained an Irish text.
See more James Kirkwood [Church of Scotland minister]Kirkwood (James) ... Church of Scotland minister
(c.1650–c.1709)
Church of Scotland minister who advocated the use of Scottish Gaelic and played an important role in Robert Kirk’s translation of the Bible into Scottish Gaelic.
See more
