Bondaruk, Anna, “The inventory of nuclear tones in Connemara Irish”, Journal of Celtic Linguistics 8 (2004): 15–47.
- journal article
The paper is an attempt at establishing an exhaustive inventory of nuclear tones in the western variety of Irish, called Connemara Irish. For this purpose O'Connor and Arnold's (1973) model of analysis is adopted with minor modifications, such as the incorporation of vowel length into other existing criteria. The use of O'Connor and Arnold's model of description made it possible to arrive at the inventory of eleven tones some of which bear resemblance to the tones recorded in English, i.e.the high-rise, the low-rise, the high-fall, the low-fall and the mid-level; some other tones differ in pitch configurations from their English counterparts, i.e.the simple fall-rise, the simple rise-fall, the complex fall-rise and the complex rise-fall; and there are two tones which are characteristic exclusively of Connemara Irish, i.e.the flatfall and the flat-rise. The paper does not aim at a semantic analysis of particular tones and the only contextual effects that are taken into account are presence or absence of emotion. These effects combined with the tendency for Irish long vowels to be raised in pitch are responsible for the occurrence of the simple fall-rise and the simple rise-fall in this dialect.
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